Impact of the Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Ficus umbellata (Valh.) Leaves on Blood Pressure Regulation and Electrolyte Balance in Wistar Rats

The study aims to evaluate the hypotensive and ionic effects of the aqueous extract of Ficus umbellata on blood pressure and electrolyte balance in rats. Oral administration of the extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for several days resulted in a significant, dose-dependent reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, particularly pronounced at 400 mg/kg. At the same time, notable changes in the blood ionogram were observed, including a decrease in sodium and chloride levels, accompanied by an increase in plasma potassium and calcium levels. These effects suggest that Ficus umbellata exerts its antihypertensive action through several mechanisms, including peripheral vasodilation, a diuretic (natriuretic) effect, and modulation of ionic balance. The likely presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the extract could explain these pharmacological effects. The results corroborate existing literature on the antihypertensive properties of certain medicinal plants. This study thus supports the therapeutic potential of Ficus umbellata in the treatment of hypertension, while emphasizing the need for further studies to identify the active principles responsible and confirm its safety for human use.