Fibrin/fibrinogen in lungs and respiratory secretions of horses with chronic pulmonary disease

Summary The concentration of soluble fibrinogen derivatives (sfd) and protease and procoagulant activities were determined in cell-free supernatants of equine respiratory secretions obtained from horses with chronic pulmonary disease. The concentration of neutrophils was estimated from direct smears of the secretions. Lung specimens and smears of the secretions were evaluated for the presence of fibrin or fibrinogen by use of immunohistochemical methods. Thirty-five of 80 specimens tested contained sfd. Respiratory secretions from horses with moderate or severe chronic pulmonary disease contained sfd more frequently than did secretions from mildly affected horses (P < 0.05). Respiratory secretions with vast numbers of neutrophils had significantly (P < 0.05) higher sfd concentrations than respiratory secretions with fewer neutrophils. Protease and procoagulant activities in respiratory secretion specimens were positively correlated with neutrophil content, clinical diagnosis, and sfd concentration. Immunohistochemically, macrophages that stained for fibrin or fibrinogen were observed in direct smears of respiratory secretions from horses with moderate and severe chronic small airway disease, but not in smears from mildly affected horses. Fibrin or fibrinogen was detected in a few thickened alveolar septa from 10 horses with moderate or severe chronic small airway disease, but not in lungs from horses with mild or no evidence of chronic small airway disease. Fibrin or fibrinogen was detected in alveolar septa, granulomas, and on alveolar macrophages in lungs of all horses with chronic granulomatous and chronic bronchointerstitial pneumonia. The presence of sfd in equine respiratory secretions may be an indicator of pulmonary inflammation.