A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Customer Churn in Retail Banking: Insights from Logistic Regression, Random Forest, GBM, and SVM

Customer churn poses a significant challenge in the retail banking sector, leading to substantial financial losses and undermining long-term growth. This study explores the effectiveness of various machine learning models, including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), in predicting customer churn. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset derived from a leading bank, we conducted extensive data preprocessing and feature engineering before evaluating model performance through metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC. Our findings reveal that the Gradient Boosting Machine outperforms its counterparts, achieving an accuracy of 87.2%, with an AUC-ROC score of 0.91, indicating its exceptional ability to distinguish between churned and non-churned customers. Random Forest follows closely, exhibiting robust performance, while SVM and Logistic Regression demonstrate moderate accuracy levels. This research underscores the transformative potential of machine learning in enhancing customer retention strategies within the banking industry. By identifying at-risk customers and understanding the underlying factors contributing to churn, banks can implement targeted interventions to improve customer satisfaction and loyalty. The study further suggests avenues for future research, including the exploration of real-time data analysis and the integration of qualitative customer insights, to refine predictive models and retention strategies.