Challenges of researching snakes in India

Abstract The ambitious WHO goal of halving snakebite mortality by 2030 is challenged by a number of logistical hurdles, none more so than in India where snakebite envenomation presents a multifaceted challenge. We have collaborated with several organizations focused on snakebite in India over the last 11 years, with an emphasis on fieldwork to collect samples from venomous snakes in various regions, particularly understudied regions in the northeast and western Himalayas. This programme has encountered several significant obstacles, including securing permits from government organizations to collect snake samples in the field, obtaining long-term research funding, coordinating multidisciplinary collaboration on snakebite projects and engaging with grassroots stakeholders who are most affected by snakebite incidents. We emphasize the necessity of adopting a nationally coordinated yet regionally diversified approach that accounts for the biogeographical and cultural complexity of the country.