Use of Cupressus lusitanica for Afforestation in a Mediterranean Climate: Biomass Production and Wood Quality

The selection of tree species for afforestation in Mediterranean environments involves challenges related to adaptability, impact on soil properties, and overall environmental quality. Cupressus lusitanica has been recognized for its rapid growth, environmental resilience, and versatile applications, positioning it as a promising candidate for these regions. Although it has been used for afforestation in Northeast Portugal since the 1990s, no comprehensive studies have evaluated its performance under local conditions. To address this knowledge gap, this study assessed a 14-year-old C. lusitanica stand in Northeast Portugal. The wood’s anatomical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, as well as biomass production, were evaluated. The species showed superior radial growth and adaptability compared with other species under similar environmental conditions. Despite exhibiting lower fiber length (1.6 mm) and basic wood density (404 kg/m3), shrinkage values fell within the typical range for softwoods. Nevertheless, a marked tendency for warping was observed. The extractive content was relatively high (5.1%), with the ethanol-soluble fraction being predominant (3.6%). Mechanical tests revealed low values for both Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) (3592.5–3617.1 MPa) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) (57.7–68.9 MPa), with both properties significantly influenced by knot presence. Given the results obtained, the species C. lusitanica, despite its low wood density and potential limitations in use, exhibits remarkable growth and adaptability, which confer a high potential for biomass production and carbon sequestration, as well as potential applications of its wood in reconstituted panels and fiber- or particle-based boards.