The First Case of Multiple Myeloma Treated With ASCT followed by Anti-BCMA CART Cells using Retroviral Vector

Abstract B- cell maturation antigen (BCMA) -targeted chimeric antigen receptor-T (CART) cell therapy has shown great promise in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). In this case, we reported a case of a 41-year-old male patient with MM who finally developed multi-line drug resistance, refractoriness and bone marrow suppression after multiple lines of high-intensity chemotherapy. After physician evaluation, this patient was recommended to receive autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) support followed by immunotherapy with autologous anti-BCMA CART cells. The CART product was a novel anti-BCMA CART based on retroviral vectors (RV). The patient achieved VGPR 1 month after anti-BCMA CART infusion and the remission has been ongoing for 3 months to date. Grade 3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed while no immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) was found. This was the first clinical MM case report of anti-BCMA CART cells using retroviral vector, which demonstrated that the RV-based anti-BCMA CAR-T cells had good therapeutic effect and high safety in triple-refractory MM patients.