Peripheral neuro-regeneration: A narrative review of the mechanism and complications

Neuroplasticity differs from neuroregeneration, although both phenomena propose functional recovery after injury. The difference between both is evidenced in terms of recovery time, molecular reaction, gene and molecular expression, as well as conceptual. In this paper, we show the process of peripheral neuroregeneration and some differences between the neuroplasticity of the peripheral and central nervous system, as well as some complications of the process of neuroregeneration of the peripheral nervous system. To carry out the work, the PubMed platform was used with two batteries of descriptors to find the articles, in addition to filters that the platform provides for the selection of articles. In addition, some authors found in the platform search suggested the reading of other articles and these were included in this work according to the inclusion and exclusion methods. The process of peripheral neuroregeneration is complex, involving many signaling pathways, inflammatory and cellular response, and gene expression that favor neuroregeneration. It can be concluded that the mechanism of neuroregeneration consists of three main pillars that are pro-regenerative gene expression, inflammatory response, and Schwann cell action. However, it is not a perfect mechanism, and some complications have been evidenced.