GCK-MODY in Young Men: the Role of Behavioral and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Development of Complications

Aim. Present two clinical cases of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young, which is based on the presence of pathogenic variants in the glucokinase (GCK) gene — GCK-MODY; to characterize behavioral and cardiometabolic risk factors for diabetes complications. Key points. In the first clinical case, the pathogenic variant p.Trp257Ter (c.770G>A, NM_000162.5) of the GCK gene, previously described in the literature, was identified in the proband and his father, in the second — the pathogenic variant p.Cys271Ter (c.1113C>A, NM_000162. 5) GCK gene. Probands are young men, 22 and 21 years old, respectively. They were first diagnosed with diabetes in the ages of 10 and 6 years during routine examinations. There were no clinical symptoms of hyperglycemia; they did not take and do not currently take hypoglycemic drugs. When examined 11 and 15 years after the diagnosis of diabetes, in each patient the level of C-peptide was within the reference values, which indicates the preservation of the secretory function of pancreatic β-cells. Antibodies were negative, the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 5.7 and 6.1%, respectively. No complications of diabetes were identified in either patient. The fathers of probands from both families had HbA1c levels of 6.4 and 6.5%, respectively. The father of the proband from the first clinical case does not comply with recommendations for a healthy lifestyle and nutrition, and does not deny weekly alcohol consumption. Upon examination, he was found to be overweight, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis, and atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic vessels, which increase the risk of cardiovascular events. The father of the proband from the second clinical case follows recommendations for a healthy lifestyle. During the examination, body weight, blood pressure, blood lipids are within the target range. Conclusion. Presenting two clinical cases and family histories of patients with GCK-MODY, the authors note that the compliance with the principles of a healthy lifestyle, assessment and correction of the main risk factors will help avoid the emergence and progression of complications in patients with GCK-MODY. When monitoring and treating patients with diabetes of any type, it is important to follow the principles of preventive medicine. Keywords: Molecular genetic research, GCK gene, monogenic diabetes mellitus, Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus in young people.