Foreign experience in renovating historic residential buildings

In the article, the international experience of renovating historical buildings is explored, with an emphasis on historic residential buildings. The history of the emergence of the idea of renovating historical buildings abroad is investigated. The concept of organized architecture preservation emerged in Italy and quickly spread to other European countries in the early 19th century. With the growing interest in preserving architectural heritage, new renovation technologies and methods, as well as innovative funding schemes, were developed. Financial programs and grants used in Europe and America to finance the restoration of historical buildings are highlighted. In the United States, there are numerous programs that provide financial support for the restoration and preservation of important historical buildings, including federal tax incentive programs for historic preservation, certified local government programs that offer financial assistance for building rehabilitation through state historic preservation offices, the Community Development Block Grant program administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and financial assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency for the repair and reconstruction of historic buildings damaged by natural disasters. In Europe, each country has its own program for financing the renovation of historical buildings, for example, in Germany, there is the "Städtebaulicher Denkmalschutz" program, in France, there is "La Fondation du patrimoine," in the UK there is the "Heritage Lottery Fund," and in Sweden, there is the "Riksantikvarieämbetet" program, all of which provide funding for the renovation of historical buildings, including residential ones. Funding under these programs may come in the form of grants, interest-free loans, or tax credits. The main methods of renovating historical buildings that are most commonly used in European and American countries have been identified. The method of renovation is determined by the condition of the building, its inclusion in a certain list of landmarks, the legislation of the country in which the renovation is carried out, etc. In particular, the following methods of renovation can be distinguished, which are used in practically all countries: superstructure, construction of new buildings on the site of historical ones, extension, increasing the energy efficiency of the building, renovation of the building, construction of underground parking.