Design and Evaluation of Carbon Capture Systems for Enhanced Efficiency in Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Abstract This research paper focuses on designing and optimizing carbon capture systems for fossil fuel power plants, with the ultimate goal of lowering greenhouse gas emissions. The study comprehensively analyses carbon capture techniques, including pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion methods. Based upon an extensive literature review, a carbon capture system is designed and optimized for a typical fossil fuel power plant using Aspen Plus simulation software. The optimization process involves selecting appropriate equipment and operating conditions, as well as analyzing the impact various parameters can have on the system's operation. The results of this research indicate that the optimized carbon capture system has the potential to capture up to 80-90% of CO2 emissions from a typical fossil fuel power plant. The system employs a post-combustion capture technology utilizing a solvent-based absorption process. Furthermore, the optimized system also demonstrates a net reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The economic analysis reveals that the system can be economically viable with the implementation of carbon pricing policies, which encourages the reduction of carbon emissions. In conclusion, this research contributes to the field of carbon capture by designing and optimizing a carbon capture system for fossil fuel power plants. The findings highlight the system's ability to capture a substantial amount of CO2 emissions, achieve a net reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, and demonstrate economic feasibility with the right policy support.