Curcuma longa aqueous extract possesses tocolytic potentials

Introduction: Contraction of the uterus is an important physiological phenomenon that determines the functionality of the uterus for pregnancy and abortion. Curcuma longa, a member of the ginger family (Zingiberracaeae) has been used in traditional medicine because of its various therapeutic properties. Curcuma longa is believed to be beneficial to the female reproductive system by preventing unwanted uterine activity in early pregnancy or treat preterm labour. There are however, no scientific facts verifying the effects on the uterus to support its folklore use as tocolytic agent. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aqueous extract of Curcuma longa rhizome and its possible mechanism of action on uterine contraction. Methods: The Isolated longitudinal uterine strips were dissected from non-pregnant rats, mounted vertically in an organ bath chamber, and exposed to the aqueous extract of Curcuma longa rhizome at a concentration of 25 - 200 mg/ml. The effects of the extract at a concentration of 50 mg/ml on spontaneous and oxytocin-induced (10 nmol/L) contractions were investigated. Results: The results of the study revealed that the extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited both spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine contractions (n = 10). The extract also inhibited oxytocin-induced contraction in the absence of exogenous calcium (n = 10). Significance: The result of this research has shown that Curcurma longa extract possesses or exerts tocolytic effect that delays uterine contraction in rats and this finding justify its folklore uses in traditional medicine to prevent unwanted uterine activity in early pregnancy or treat preterm labour.