Investigating the Involvement of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is also the most common endocrine malignancy. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the metastasis pattern of upper mediastinal lymph node involvement in patients with PTC. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was performed in 2020 in Isfahan, Iran, on 73 patients with PTC who were candidates for total thyroidectomy. Demographic data including age and gender were collected. The frequency distribution of upper mediastinal lymph node involvements and their relationships with mass size, gender, and age, location of tumor in the thyroid gland and involvement of lateral lymph nodes in the neck were evaluated. Results: The mean mass size was 17.27 mm. The most involved thyroid lobe in patients with upper mediastinal lymph node involvement was the right lobe (16.5%). In terms of mediastinal lymph node involvement, there were no significant relationships between the two sexes (P = 0.161), primary mass size (P = 0.151), and thyroid mass location (P = 0.739) with mediastinal lymph node involvement. There was a significant relationship between lateral lymph node involvement of the neck (P = 0.007) and age groups (P = 0.042) with involvement of the upper mediastinal lymph nodes. Based on our results, the upper mediastinal lymph node involvement was more frequent among patients under 40 years of age. Conclusion: Upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis in PTC was significantly more frequent in cases with younger ages (lower than 40 years) and involvements of lateral lymph nodes in the neck.