A Literary Review on the Historical and Therapeutic Significance of Trikatu and Chaturushana in Ayurvedic Texts

This literary review explores the historical evolution and therapeutic relevance of two classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations: Trikatu and Chaturushana. Trikatu composed of Sunthi, Maricha, Pippali; and Chaturushana which includes Pippalimoola in addition, are deeply rooted in Ayurvedic tradition. While not explicitly mentioned in the Vedic texts (2500–600 BCE), their constituent herbs are frequently referenced. The term "Trikatu" first appears in the Agni Purana, detailing its applications in organ disorders, toxicology, and veterinary care. In the Samhita period, Trikatu is classified under Mishraka Gana in Sushruta Samhita, while Charaka Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya provide numerous references using various synonyms. Chaturushana first emerges in Paryayaratnamala (9th Century AD) and is further discussed in several Nighantus. Both formulations are consistently credited with Deepana, Pachana, Krimighan and Kaphmedohara actions. This review underscores the enduring therapeutic significance of these formulations and the richness of Ayurvedic pharmaco-literary tradition.