Pattern of Hemoglobinopathies among Patients Attending PHC in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: Hemoglobinopathies pose a significant public health burden globally, with varying prevalence rates across different references. Understanding the pattern of hemoglobinopathies among patients attending primary healthcare centers (PHCs) is essential for guiding effective prevention and management strategies. Study Aim: To determine the pattern of hemoglobinopathies among patients attending PHCs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 320 participants attending PSMMC PHCs in Riyadh. Demographic data and HGB types were collected, and Chi-square tests were conducted to test associations between demographic variables and HGB types. Results: The majority of participants were aged between 18 to 30 years (40.6%), with a nearly equal distribution of females (52.8%) and males (47.2%). All participants were of Saudi nationality. The most prevalent HGB genotype was S/S (63.1%), followed by A/S (36.6%). Significant associations were found between age groups and HGB types (χ^2 = 28.233, p < 0.001), with the S/S genotype more prevalent among younger participants. Gender did not show a significant association with HGB types. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the prevalence and patterns of hemoglobinopathies among patients attending PHCs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The findings underscore the need for targeted screening and intervention programs tailored to specific age groups to effectively address hemoglobinopathies within the population.