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Pontifex, but not Maximus: from Pagan Pontiffs to Christian Bishops

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В статье рассматриваются условия и факторы переноса титула pontifex с представителей римского языческого жречества на христианских епископов позднеантичного латинского Запада. Даётся краткий очерк расширения исследовательской перспективы: показано, как поставленная проблема постепенно уходит из контекста истории формирования учения о папском примате. Пересматривая идеи И. Каянто и Ф. Ван Хеперен, автор постулирует в качестве основных функциональный и структурно-функциональный факторы; возможным остаётся фактор рангово-иерархического сходства. Выдвигается гипотеза о том, что указанный перенос произошёл не в городе Риме, а в провинциях Северной Африки в 1-й пол. III в., причём именно понтифики местных колоний и муниципиев «передали» свой титул христианским епископам. The paper examines the conditions and factors for the transfer of the title pontifex from representatives of the Roman pagan priesthood to Christian bishops of the late antique Latin West. A brief outline of the expansion of the research perspective is given: it is shown how the problem posed gradually leaves the context of the history of the formation of the doctrine of papal primacy. The author, reconsidering the ideas of I. Kajanto and F. Van Haeperen, postulates functional and structural-functional factors as the main ones; the factor of rank-hierarchical similarity remains possible. A hypothesis is put forward that this transfer occurred not in the city of Rome itself, but in the provinces of North Africa in the first half of the third century, and it was the pontiffs of local colonies and municipia that “transferred” their title to Christian bishops.
Title: Pontifex, but not Maximus: from Pagan Pontiffs to Christian Bishops
Description:
В статье рассматриваются условия и факторы переноса титула pontifex с представителей римского языческого жречества на христианских епископов позднеантичного латинского Запада.
Даётся краткий очерк расширения исследовательской перспективы: показано, как поставленная проблема постепенно уходит из контекста истории формирования учения о папском примате.
Пересматривая идеи И.
Каянто и Ф.
Ван Хеперен, автор постулирует в качестве основных функциональный и структурно-функциональный факторы; возможным остаётся фактор рангово-иерархического сходства.
Выдвигается гипотеза о том, что указанный перенос произошёл не в городе Риме, а в провинциях Северной Африки в 1-й пол.
III в.
, причём именно понтифики местных колоний и муниципиев «передали» свой титул христианским епископам.
The paper examines the conditions and factors for the transfer of the title pontifex from representatives of the Roman pagan priesthood to Christian bishops of the late antique Latin West.
A brief outline of the expansion of the research perspective is given: it is shown how the problem posed gradually leaves the context of the history of the formation of the doctrine of papal primacy.
The author, reconsidering the ideas of I.
Kajanto and F.
Van Haeperen, postulates functional and structural-functional factors as the main ones; the factor of rank-hierarchical similarity remains possible.
A hypothesis is put forward that this transfer occurred not in the city of Rome itself, but in the provinces of North Africa in the first half of the third century, and it was the pontiffs of local colonies and municipia that “transferred” their title to Christian bishops.

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