Smart Contract Technology Potential in Mitigating Defects of Islamic Banks’ Tawarruq Operations

Smart contracts are computer codes that represent contract terms and are designed to run on a blockchain platform, automatically enforced upon receiving predetermined inputs. This technological innovation, a key component of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, provides an advanced and innovative approach to executing contract terms. Incorporating this technology into Shariah-compliant contracts within Islamic Banks (IBs) holds the potential to reduce Shariah non-compliance risk (SNC) and enhance operational transparency, ensuring compatibility with contemporary technological applications. In particular, blockchain-based smart contracts have the potential to be integrated into the operations of IBs’ products that are based on tawarruq contracts. This study aims to investigate the potential application of blockchain-based smart contract technology in tawarruq contract operations within IBs and to suggest directions for future research. This study adopted a qualitative approach, drawing on relevant literature. The findings indicated that blockchain-based smart contracts can address Shariah Non-Compliance (SNC) issues in IB’s tawarruq operations while enhancing transaction transparency. This paper discussed the Shariah and operational challenges associated with blockchain technology and posits that blockchain-based smart contracts can improve the practices of tawarruq contracts within Islamic Banks. This paper offers insights for IB entities and regulatory authorities to evaluate the potential and impact of blockchain-based smart contracts within their operations and the broader financial system.