The Role of Candesartan in Heart Failure Management: A Literature Review

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition with increasing prevalence due to an aging population and higher rates of comorbidities. Candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), has gained recognition as an effective treatment option for heart failure, particularly for patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It works by inhibiting the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, which reduces vasoconstriction, fluid retention, and cardiac remodeling, all key contributors to heart failure progression. Despite its clinical significance, the full scope of its efficacy and optimal usage remains under investigation. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of candesartan in the treatment of heart failure, focusing on its impact on morbidity, mortality, and clinical outcomes, based on clinical studies and trials. Method: A thorough literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and NEJM. Relevant studies were identified using keywords like “candesartan,” “heart failure,” and “mechanism of action of candesartan,” focusing on clinical trials and studies assessing its role in heart failure management. Result: Clinical trials, particularly the CHARM study, show that candesartan significantly reduces mortality and hospitalization in heart failure patients, especially those with HFrEF. However, its use requires monitoring for potential side effects, including hypotension and renal dysfunction. Further studies are needed to refine dosing and assess long-term safety.