Numerical research of slosh characteristics by baffles in the liquid helium portable tank

This article addresses the challenges posed by the unique vapor–liquid physical properties of helium, specifically, focusing on the slosh of liquid helium caused by shaking during transportation. A three-dimensional model of a baffle structure is developed to prevent sloshing in the liquid helium portable tanks. Literature-based verification of simulation model via gas–liquid interface data shows <8.5% error, proving its effectiveness. The slosh characteristics are numerically compared, considering parameters such as phase interface area, internal temperature uniformity, and pressure variation at head. The results demonstrate that an optimal oscillation excitation amplitude of 5.57 m/s 2 is identified. Investigating vapor–liquid phase, pressure, and velocity variations with/without baffles in liquid helium tanks. Additionally, the variation in liquid phase fraction with baffle is analyzed to assess their effectiveness in mitigating internal pressure impact during the storage and transportation. These insights hold significant implications for ensuring safe and efficient transportation of liquid helium on highways.