Lignocellulosic biomass: Sustainable approach for production of energy

Lignocellulose biomass is the prevalent and economic substrate for biofuel generation.  Population growth and industrialization are continually taxing the available energy sources and reducing the world's fuel reserves. Increased pollution brought on by the ongoing use of fossil fuels gravely pollutes the ecosystem in the area. An ecologically beneficial way to deal with such issues is to employ alternative energy sources. Biofuels (fuels generated from biomass), which are prominent renewable energy sources, can be a more effective substitute for non-renewable fossil fuels. The phrase "lignocellulosic biomass" describes plant-based waste, mostly from forestry operations, agricultural runoff, and yard trash, that is not used as food or animal feed. Lignocellulose biomass is increasingly studied for its potential in sustainable energy production. Processes like pyrolysis, fermentation or enzymatic hydrolysis, lignocellulosic biomass can be used for converting to biofuels and bioenergy thereby offering an alternative to fossil fuels. Since it utilizes waste materials, lignocellulosic biomass helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, waste accumulation, and dependency on non-renewable resources. In India, lignocellulosic biomass holds significant potential as a renewable energy source, contributing to the country’s efforts to enhance its energy security and sustainability. Governments across the globe are enacting regulations, acting initiatives, and creating a permissive environment to attract international investment and quickly advance the nation in the renewable energy sector. This review identifies various ways to create an environmentally friendly by employing alternative energy sources.  The potential for microbial conversion of biomass fuels (CO2 utilization and other fuels extracted from biomass) which are among the renewable energy sources, can become a more effective substitute for non-renewable fossil fuels. These fuels will evolve in the same form as bioethanol.