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Dynamics of disordered systems

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Disordered systems are ubiquitous in nature and their study is complicated and often leads to controversial results. In any case, the important role of such systems in science and technological applications should not be ignored. The characteristic properties of such systems seem to be driven by a fundamental feature, the degrees of freedom. Although many problems still remain matter of debate, the challenge posed in recent decades in the understanding of the impact of disorder in the physical behavior of materials is of considerable scientic interest. An exact description of a disordered phase is not possible since it is a many-body problem hard to model. However, for some materials it is possible, upon cooling, to preserve the disordered liquid-like structure having a state of high regularity. Therefore, for the so-called glass formers, it is possible to freeze some degrees of freedom obtaining a glass that presents the irregularity of a liquid with the high viscosity of a solid below the melting temperature Tm. The aim of the present PhD thesis is to present our understanding of disorder in related experimental approaches using three different pure compounds: two plastic crystals (1-Chloroadamantane and Freon113) and a liquid (Glycerol). To understand the behavior of these kinds of materials neutron scattering and dielectric spectroscopy have been used. These two powerful techniques allow us to investigate the dynamics of disordered phases on a picosecond time scale. Furthermore, given the complexity of these disordered phases, data analysis and model selection have been performed with a Bayesian approach that provides a solid statistical ground bases on probability distribution functions. Such methods have been applied to study of the above mentioned compounds dynamics in order to give an explanation of some open questions: the microscopic origin of the plastic-plastic transition in 1-chloroadamantane (C10H15Cl), the high fragility and the correlation between kinetic and thermodynamic fragility in freon113 (Cl2FC-CClF2) and the dynamics, accompanied by a robust model selection, of one of the most studied glass former compound, glycerol (C3H8O3). In addition, a brief overview of the theoretical background for neutron scattering and dielectric spectroscopy, as well as a description of the experimental setup and the consequent data treatment and analysis, are given to deliver a comprehensive and consistent view of the topic under consideration. The results, presented in this work of thesis, represent a small step in a deeper understanding of disordered phases dynamics, giving a base for further investigations. Los sistemas desordenados son ubicuos en la naturaleza y su estudio es complicado y con frecuencia conduce a resultados controvertidos. En cualquier caso, el papel importante de este tipo de sistemas en aplicaciones científicas y tecnológicas no debe ser ignorada. Las propiedades características de tales sistemas parecen estar impulsadas por una característica fundamental, los grados de libertad. Aunque muchos problemas siguen siendo materia de debate, el desafío planteado en las últimas décadas en el entendimiento del impacto del desorden en el comportamiento físico de los materiales es de considerable interés científico. Una descripción exacta de una fase desordenada no es posible, ya que es un problema de muchos cuerpos difícil de modelar. Sin embargo, para algunos materiales, es posible, tras el enfriamiento, conservar la estructura desordenada del líquido con un estado de alta regularidad. Por lo tanto, para los denominados glass-formers, es posible congelar algunos grados de libertad obteniendo un vidrio que presenta la irregularidad de un líquido con la alta viscosidad de un sólido por debajo de la temperatura de fusión Tm. El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es presentar nuestra comprensión del desorden en los enfoques experimentales relacionados utilizando tres diferentes compuestos puros: dos cristales de plástico (1-Chloroadamantane y Freon113) y un líquido (Glycerol). Para entender el comportamiento de este tipo de materiales se han utilizado scattering de neutrones y espectroscopía dieléctrica. Estas dos técnicas nos permiten investigar la dinámica de las fases desordenadas en una escala de tiempo de picosegundos. Por otra parte, dada la complejidad de estas fases desordenadas, análisis de datos y la selección del modelo se han realizado con un enfoque bayesiano que proporciona una sólida base estadística basada sobre las funciones de distribución de probabilidad. Tales métodos se han aplicado al estudio de la dinámica de los compuestos antes mencionados con el fin de dar una explicación de algunas preguntas abiertas: el origen microscópico de la transición plástico-plástico en 1-chloroadamantane (C10H15Cl), la alta fragilidad y la correlación entre la fragilidad cinética y termodinámica en freon113 (Cl2FC-CClF2) y la dinámica, acompañada por una robusta selección de modelo, de uno de los compuestos más estudiados, glycerol (C3H8O3). Los resultados, presentados en este trabajo de tesis, representan un pequeño paso para una comprensión más profunda de la dinámica de las fases desordenadas, dando una base para futuras investigaciones.
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Title: Dynamics of disordered systems
Description:
Disordered systems are ubiquitous in nature and their study is complicated and often leads to controversial results.
In any case, the important role of such systems in science and technological applications should not be ignored.
The characteristic properties of such systems seem to be driven by a fundamental feature, the degrees of freedom.
Although many problems still remain matter of debate, the challenge posed in recent decades in the understanding of the impact of disorder in the physical behavior of materials is of considerable scientic interest.
An exact description of a disordered phase is not possible since it is a many-body problem hard to model.
However, for some materials it is possible, upon cooling, to preserve the disordered liquid-like structure having a state of high regularity.
Therefore, for the so-called glass formers, it is possible to freeze some degrees of freedom obtaining a glass that presents the irregularity of a liquid with the high viscosity of a solid below the melting temperature Tm.
The aim of the present PhD thesis is to present our understanding of disorder in related experimental approaches using three different pure compounds: two plastic crystals (1-Chloroadamantane and Freon113) and a liquid (Glycerol).
To understand the behavior of these kinds of materials neutron scattering and dielectric spectroscopy have been used.
These two powerful techniques allow us to investigate the dynamics of disordered phases on a picosecond time scale.
Furthermore, given the complexity of these disordered phases, data analysis and model selection have been performed with a Bayesian approach that provides a solid statistical ground bases on probability distribution functions.
Such methods have been applied to study of the above mentioned compounds dynamics in order to give an explanation of some open questions: the microscopic origin of the plastic-plastic transition in 1-chloroadamantane (C10H15Cl), the high fragility and the correlation between kinetic and thermodynamic fragility in freon113 (Cl2FC-CClF2) and the dynamics, accompanied by a robust model selection, of one of the most studied glass former compound, glycerol (C3H8O3).
In addition, a brief overview of the theoretical background for neutron scattering and dielectric spectroscopy, as well as a description of the experimental setup and the consequent data treatment and analysis, are given to deliver a comprehensive and consistent view of the topic under consideration.
The results, presented in this work of thesis, represent a small step in a deeper understanding of disordered phases dynamics, giving a base for further investigations.
Los sistemas desordenados son ubicuos en la naturaleza y su estudio es complicado y con frecuencia conduce a resultados controvertidos.
En cualquier caso, el papel importante de este tipo de sistemas en aplicaciones científicas y tecnológicas no debe ser ignorada.
Las propiedades características de tales sistemas parecen estar impulsadas por una característica fundamental, los grados de libertad.
Aunque muchos problemas siguen siendo materia de debate, el desafío planteado en las últimas décadas en el entendimiento del impacto del desorden en el comportamiento físico de los materiales es de considerable interés científico.
Una descripción exacta de una fase desordenada no es posible, ya que es un problema de muchos cuerpos difícil de modelar.
Sin embargo, para algunos materiales, es posible, tras el enfriamiento, conservar la estructura desordenada del líquido con un estado de alta regularidad.
Por lo tanto, para los denominados glass-formers, es posible congelar algunos grados de libertad obteniendo un vidrio que presenta la irregularidad de un líquido con la alta viscosidad de un sólido por debajo de la temperatura de fusión Tm.
El objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es presentar nuestra comprensión del desorden en los enfoques experimentales relacionados utilizando tres diferentes compuestos puros: dos cristales de plástico (1-Chloroadamantane y Freon113) y un líquido (Glycerol).
Para entender el comportamiento de este tipo de materiales se han utilizado scattering de neutrones y espectroscopía dieléctrica.
Estas dos técnicas nos permiten investigar la dinámica de las fases desordenadas en una escala de tiempo de picosegundos.
Por otra parte, dada la complejidad de estas fases desordenadas, análisis de datos y la selección del modelo se han realizado con un enfoque bayesiano que proporciona una sólida base estadística basada sobre las funciones de distribución de probabilidad.
Tales métodos se han aplicado al estudio de la dinámica de los compuestos antes mencionados con el fin de dar una explicación de algunas preguntas abiertas: el origen microscópico de la transición plástico-plástico en 1-chloroadamantane (C10H15Cl), la alta fragilidad y la correlación entre la fragilidad cinética y termodinámica en freon113 (Cl2FC-CClF2) y la dinámica, acompañada por una robusta selección de modelo, de uno de los compuestos más estudiados, glycerol (C3H8O3).
Los resultados, presentados en este trabajo de tesis, representan un pequeño paso para una comprensión más profunda de la dinámica de las fases desordenadas, dando una base para futuras investigaciones.

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