Securing Retrieval-Augmented Generation Pipelines: A Comprehensive Framework

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by enabling them to access and incorporate external knowledge sources, thereby improving response accuracy and relevance. However, the security of RAG pipelines remains a paramount concern as these systems become integral to various critical applications. This paper introduces a comprehensive framework designed to secure RAG pipelines through the integration of advanced encryption techniques, zero-trust architecture, and structured guardrails. The framework employs symmetric and asymmetric encryption to protect data at rest and in transit, ensuring confidentiality and integrity throughout the data lifecycle. Adopting zero-trust principles, the framework mandates continuous verification of all entities within the data flow, effectively mitigating unauthorized access and lateral movement risks. Additionally, the implementation of guardrails, such as immutable system prompts and salted sequence tagging, fortifies the system against prompt injection and other malicious attacks. A detailed lifecycle security continuum is presented, illustrating the application of these security measures from data ingestion to decommissioning. Case studies across healthcare, finance, retail, and education sectors demonstrate the framework’s effectiveness in maintaining high performance and scalability without compromising security. This work provides a foundational model for future research and practical implementation, emphasizing the necessity of robust security protocols in the deployment of RAG-based applications.