Peptide regulation of B-lymphocytic immunity

Relevance. The mechanisms of B-lymphocyte immunity are not fully understood at present, in particular, the role and significance of the humoral response to viruses. There is insufficient understanding of how B-lymphocytes are selected for differentiation into long-lived cells. Therefore, there are serious unmet needs in the development of vaccines against influenza, coronavirus and many other infectious agents. Drugs that affect B-lymphocyte immunity can improve both the understanding of these processes and the results of therapeutic and preventive procedures. Objective: to summarize information on peptide regulation of B-lymphocyte immunity. Material and methods: publications were searched in the database on the RSCI website, in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The review includes 47 sources. Results: To date, more than 20 biologically active peptides have been isolated and synthesized from the bursa of Fabricius. All these substances contributed to the differentiation of B cells. It is shown that many biologically active peptides regulating the development of B-lymphocytes are similar in birds and mammals. Some of them inhibit the exudative phase of inflammation by reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by mononuclear cells. Peptides of the bursa of Fabricius also stimulate the inductive and productive phases of the immune response. Some of them have an antioxidant function and antitumor activity. Peptides obtained from the bursa of Fabricius dramatically enhance the immune response to the vaccine and promote the production of antibodies. The use of peptides of the bursa of Fabricius as adjuvants in vaccination is considered. Obviously, insufficient attention is paid to studies on the effect of biologically active compounds from the bursa of Fabricius on immune homeostasis. In the literature available to us, we did not find a single review devoted to this topic. Conclusion. Peptides from the Bursa of Fabricius are very promising both in terms of therapy for certain disorders in the immune system and as adjuvants for vaccines against viruses.