A Critique of Transhumanism

A number of challenges to the transhumanist program are outlined in light of new developments in artificial intelligence. Assuming individuals have freedom of choice in selecting physical or cognitive enhancements, the transhumanist program implies a convergence of abilities for any functioning society. The conditions for such a convergence are explored in detail. Next, psychological theories of self and personality are introduced and the question is asked to what extend transhumanist programs allow the continued existence of the human self and aspects of personality. The importance of the motivational system and the importance of its preservation through cycles of enhancement is outlined. Finally, the psychological implications of an infinite lifespan (“immortality”) are explored, in particular with reference to the challenge to maintain a notion of self and personality.