Translating Politeness: Mapping the Characterisation of Klara the AI from "Klara and the Sun" and its Indonesian Translation

Politeness strategies are crucial in literary characterisation, yet their role in the characterisation of AI characters remains underexplored—especially considering the rising concerns about the dangers of AI. Thus, given the speculative nature of concerns surrounding AI's potential dangers, often situated in a distant future, this research examines a fictional narrative set in a similarly futuristic context. Based on Brown and Levinson's framework on politeness strategies, this study investigates how politeness strategies shape an AI character and whether these features are retained in its translation. Using the Pragmatics approach, this qualitative research analyses "Klara and the Sun"  by Kazuo Ishiguro and its Indonesian translation, "Klara dan Sang Matahari"  by Ariyantri E. Tarman. It examines Klara, a human-shaped AI, through her politeness strategies that construct her identity. The study also evaluates translation techniques and quality to determine whether her characterisation remains intact in the Indonesian translation. Data were collected via document analysis and purposive sampling, then validated through Focus Group Discussion. Findings reveal that Klara's characterisation employs all of Brown and Levinson's politeness strategies, which are effectively preserved in the Indonesian translation according to the high quality of the translations analysed. The study highlights how Klara's use of politeness showcases her consistent kindness alongside growing confidence and awareness in human interaction, which adds depth to her character. By bridging pragmatics and translation studies, the research offers fresh insights into how politeness strategies shape AI characterisation and how such nuanced traits can be successfully conveyed through translation.