SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF MIXED ETHYLENE GLYCOL DIESTERS BASED ON PETROLEUM ACIDS CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

In order to increase the range of plasticizers and antioxidants using the ZnO catalyst, mixed ethylene glycol diesters based on petroleum and fatty acids were synthesized by a waste-free method. To determine the optimal conditions for obtaining the target products, the effect of temperature, the amount of catalyst, the molar ratio of the components involved in the reaction for the maximum yield were studied and the optimal condition was established with a yield of 90-93. The properties of mixed diesters of petroleum acids have been studied, the physicochemical parameters have been determined by analytical and spectral methods. The degree of compatibility of ethers with polyvinyl chloride and the ability to prolong the life of diesel fuel have been determined. It was found that ethers can be recommended as effective plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride and antioxidants for diesel fuel. Taking into account the wide practical application of mixed esters, including esters of petroleum acids, and their high demand, the main goal of the article is to obtain mixed ethylene glycol esters based on natural, synthetic and fatty acids with a high yield without waste method, as well as to study their properties and applications. In this article, to solve the problem posed, natural petroleum acids of the fraction 90-230ºC / 6.65 × 10-4 MPa were used in the studies, taken from the "Meriken" unit of the H. Aliyev`s New Baku Oil Refinery, as well as synthetic petroleum acids synthesized by liquid-phase oxidation with atmospheric oxygen at a temperature of 135-140°С. In the following studies, asymmetric ethylene glycol diesters were synthesized based on natural, synthetic and fatty acids of the C6-C8 series at temperatures of 80-140oC, with a catalyst amount of 0.6-1.6% by weight (with respect to acid), molar ratio of components 2:1.1-1.6, the optimal conditions were determined (T,°C = 110-120, acid: alcohol - 2:1.3-1.5 mol, ZnO - 0.8-1.5% by weight ( in relation to acid)), the properties of the synthesized mixed diesters have been studied, their indicators have been determined by modern analytical and spectral methods, and the material balance of these ethers has been compiled. Other representatives of ethylene glycol based on oil and fatty acids in a similar way were synthesized and the physicochemical parameters were determined. The synthesized products are light yellow, transparent, odorless, insoluble in water, readily soluble in organic solvents. The compatibility of mixed diesters with polyvinyl chloride (PVC), as well as the effect of diesel fuel on thermal-oxidative stability in laboratory conditions has been studied. The research results are presented below: • mixed diesters of petroleum acids have been synthesized in the presence of a ZnO catalyst by one-stage method, which makes it possible to reduce intermedi; • the influence of various amounts of catalyst, the molar ratio of the components involved in the reaction, the temperature range the course of the reaction in order to select the optimal synthesis conditions were studied, mixed esters in high yield were synthesized and their physicochemical parameters by analytical and spectral methods were determined; • the degree of compatibility of mixed diesters synthesized on the basis of petroleum and fatty acids with PVC has been studied and tested as a new component to improve the thermal stability of diesel fuel. These esters can be recommended as effective plasticizers and antioxidants. Keywords: natural petroleum acids, synthetic petroleum acids, ethylene glycol, mixed diester, plasticizer, antioxidant