Endothelins specifically recognize lysophosphatidylcholine micelles

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a major phospholipid component of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL), is implicated in numerous inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. Here, to clarify the relationship between bioactive endothelins (ETs) (which are considered to be potent proinflammatory mediators) and LPC/ox‐LDL, we investigated the interaction between ETs and LPC/ox‐LDL by fluorescence spectroscopy and western blotting. Tryptophan fluorescence measurements revealed ETs specifically interacted with LPC at concentrations that exceeded the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The tryptophan residue in ETs was not likely to be involved directly in the interaction between ETs and LPC micelles. Tryptophan fluorescence quenching revealed tryptophan residue in ETs where LPC concentrations were below the CMC may be buried deeply in the peptide or may interact with other amino acid residues, whereas tryptophan residue in ETs in the presence of LPC at concentrations exceeding the CMC was exposed outside of the peptide. Furthermore, ETs bind to ox‐LDL in a concentration‐dependent manner. These results strongly suggest that ox‐LDL contains micelle‐rich LPCs and that ETs specifically interact with the bioactive LPC micelles. Further study of the interaction between ETs and LPC micelles contained in ox‐LDL will provide important information on the development and progression of many inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.