Adaptive abilities of chard cultivars

The method of growing green vegetable crops in a greenhouse equipped with modern technologies allows controlling humidity, light, temperature, carbon dioxide levels, air circulation and much more. With the help of information and digital technologies, the growth rate of cultivated crops is controlled, yields are increased, and the use of water and resources is more efficient than with traditional cultivation methods. Based on the research work carried out in the period 2020-2022. according to the technology of growing chard sowing in closed greenhouses in Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan, an assessment of agrobiological properties, productivity, and adaptability was made. The purpose of the article is to study the range of chard varieties and assess the influence of soil properties, temperature, and illumination on productivity, biochemical composition, and biological activity. The following methods were used in the studies: laboratory – including monitoring and evaluation of the biochemical composition of plant material; biometrics – assessment of the parameters of a comprehensive analysis of the environment and the qualitative characteristics of the crop; phenology – observation of the phases of development; statistics – analysis of information to assess the adaptive capabilities of chard. A wide range of tolerance to growing conditions was observed in the Mercury and Buru varieties, a moderate one in the Bull’s Blood and Bride varieties, and a narrower one in the Rubin variety. Under greenhouse conditions, the duration of vegetation in the spring turnover was 45-56 days: variety Mercury v 55 days, Buru – 50 days, Bull’s blood – 45 days, variety Bride – 53 days and Rubin – 55 days, respectively. For three years of cultivation, the average yield of chard was Mercury – 5.27 kg/m2 , Buru – 4.51 kg/m2 , Rubin – 4.86 kg/m2 , Bride – 5.09 kg/m2 , Bull’s blood – 5.54 kg/m2 . In the conditions of 2022, active accumulation of photosynthetic material took place in the leaves of most chard varieties. In particular, the practical significance of the methods of growing green vegetables in greenhouse conditions, the organizational and economic processes of greenhouse cultivation, the study of economic and biological characteristics and the yield of various chard varieties form the development strategy for the vegetable growing industry