Missed opportunity for routine vaccination and associated factors among children aged 0–23 months in public health facilities of Jimma Town

The current recommendation obligates children to receive all vaccines within two years of birth. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in Ethiopia to increase the immunization rate by 10% annually and to reach 100% in 10 years but not been achieved in twenty years. Missed opportunity for vaccination (MOV) is one of the major factors in vaccination coverage. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of MOV and associated factors in Jimma Town public health facilities. A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed with a quantitative data collection method. The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formula. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews, and data extraction methods and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The statistical association was decided at p-value <0.05 with 95% CI, and AOR. A total of 422 children were involved in this study making a 100% response rate. The magnitude of MOV was 39.8% (95%CI: 35–45). Parents/caretakers have not attended formal education (AOR = 4.65, CI:1.64–13.24), residing in rural (AOR = 2.60, CI: 1.35–5.03), poor knowledge about immunization (AOR = 2.61, CI: 1.58–4.30), the child not assessed for vaccination status (AOR = 3.01, CI: 1.65–5.49), and parents/caretakers not seen/heard vaccination message in the last month (AOR = 2.42, CI: 1.40–4.18) were statistically positively associated with the MOV. In conclusion, this study indicated that MOV among the children was high in the study facilities. The researchers recommended stakeholders work on strengthening community awareness creation. Additionally, further study incorporating physician-related factors is also suggested.