Distributed Localization of Non-Cooperative Targets in Non-Coplanar Rendezvous Processes

Precise positioning of non-cooperative targets is important for maintaining spacecraft operational environments in orbit. In order to address the challenges of non-cooperative target localization during non-coplanar rendezvous, this study develops a distributed cooperative localization scheme. First, a three-line-of-sight positioning method for long-range targets in non-coplanar orbits is proposed. Second, a distributed extended Kalman filter based on a consensus algorithm is designed, which reduces observation dimensions and increases system robustness. Subsequently, the rendezvous configuration optimization problem for long-range non-coplanar targets is transformed into a numerical optimization problem. Finally, an improved NSGA-III algorithm is proposed by introducing normal distribution crossover (NDX) and a cosine-like mutation distribution index to optimize the rendezvous configuration. A simulation shows that the methods proposed are effective, and the improved NSGA-III is superior to traditional algorithms in terms of search range and convergence speed. After configuration optimization, the performance of the system has been greatly improved, with better positioning accuracy and stronger robustness.