ENGAGEMENT OF SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SHADOW EDUCATION: PRESENT STATUS IN INDIA & WEST BENGAL

Education has been afundamental part of society since ancient times. The modes of education, learning, and subject knowledge have been presented in a variety of ways over time. At present, formal education, or school education, is the most important for students. In front of this school or formal education, another education system has emerged, which is commonly referred to as private tuition, and scholars refer to it as Shadow Education. The recent study is mainly based on three objectives 1. The five highest and lowest states for children taking private tuition based on percentages In India. 2. Percentage of children enrolled in private tuition with respect to their grade, gender, school type, and parents education in India. 3. The percentage of children enrolled in private tuition by their school type in the State of West Bengal. Documentary analysis is mainly used as a research method, and secondary data is inculcated in this study. The findings of the study are that enrolment rates in the five highest and lowest states with private tuition are increasing over the previous year. The percentage of children taking tuition has improved from the previous years, with respect to grade, gender, school type, and parents education and hike around 40% in India. In the state of West Bengal, there is an increase in private tuition enrolment among private school students compared to government school students. According to ASER 2021, West Bengal is the highest private tuition-taking state in India at the school level.