Retinal biomarkers in diabetic macular edema

Objective: To clarify the prognostic value of the biomarkers detected by multimodal imaging procedures as coloured fundus imaging, fluorescein angiography, near infra‐red imaging, fundus Autofluorescence, SD‐OCT, and OCT angiography to predict the response to therapy in different retinal diseases as diabetic macular edema.Recently, there has been an interest in determining the prognostic value of changes on optical coherence tomography (OCT) such as foveal intraretinal cysts and edema, including size and location, presence of subretinal fluid (SRF), sub‐RPE fluid, subretinal hyper‐reflective material, intraretinal hyper‐reflective foci, photo‐receptor integrity and vitreo‐retinal interface.OCT Angiography has added more information about the precise areas of capillary non‐perfusion, presence of collaterals or retinal/optic nerve head neovascularization, and abnormalities of the FAZ. It can also differentiate between IRMA and neovessels.Finally, FAF has been studied recently in Diabetic Macular Edema, which may help to monitor the disease progression and response to treatment.The speaker will present examples of multimodal imaging of different retinal biomarkers in diabetic macular edema that help in predicting the prognosis.