Comparative analysis of methods for assessing geoheritage degradation risk

The last 25 years have been significant in the growth of geoconservation studies and a comprehensive interest in geoheritage. To date, investigations conducted on geosites have predominantly focused on their identification, classification, and assessment. Recently, there has been a newfound emphasis on geosites mapping as well. A considerably less-explored topic in this field has been the assessment of degradation risk associated with geosites. Nevertheless, this aspect is of paramount importance, providing crucial information for their management and conservation. In fact, geoheritage is consistently under pressure from natural or anthropogenic factors and processes. In many countries, geosites are at risk of degradation or even total loss due to the absence of a systematic inventory and the resulting inadequate management. Research for the evaluation, including quantitative measures, of the risk of degradation and for monitoring the state of conservation of geosites, therefore, represents a priority for the scientific community. It should be highlighted that the recognition and prevention of threats affecting geosites still lack common investigation schemes and approaches. In this context, this paper presents the framework of a research in progress aimed at providing the first systematic and comprehensive literature review on degradation risk and related terms. A total of 284 records were identified through an extensive search across widely used literature databases. Following this initial identification, a screening process was conducted, involving the review of titles and abstracts. Through this screening, a refined selection of 177 papers emerged for further consideration in the literature review. The review is expected to help outline shared investigation schemes and approaches, shedding light on current research gaps and identifying potential areas for improvement. Additionally, insights into the terminology and concepts related to degradation risk will contribute to establishing a solid foundation for future studies in this field.