Early diagnosis of monogonarthrosis (literature review)

Background. OsteoArthritis of the Knee Joint (OAKJ) is a progressive incurable disease, which in severe cases necessitates total joint arthroplasty. Aim. To conduct a systematic analysis of the scientific literature on the prospects and possibilities of early diagnosis of monogonarthrosis. Materials and Methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Medline databases for the period 2010–2024, using the following keywords: "osteoarthrosis of the knee joint", "monogonarthrosis" (42 sources). Results. The mainstream of modern literature on the problem of clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis, including with monoarticular lesions, includes the results of studies of biomarkers of hyaluronic cartilage degradation both in the case of visualization on magnetic resonance imaging scans and according to the data of biochemical and immunological analyses of blood serum. The importance of radiological signs of mainly early stages of osteoarthritis of the knee joint is also separately studied. There are isolated contradictory professional works on the correlation of clinical and radiological manifestations of gonarthrosis. Reports on the results of a comprehensive clinical and radiological examination of patients with monogonarthrosis are almost not presented in the literature. Conclusions. It was established on the basis of information and analytical studies of modern scientific literature that osteoarthritis of the knee joint is accompanied by persistent pain, significant limitation of lower limb function, decreased working capacity, which often leads to joint replacement. Diagnosis of osteoarthritis in the early stages is difficult due to the lack of pathognomonic clinical, radiological and laboratory indicators, and in the case of monogonarthrosis with synovitis it is complicated by differentiation with specific arthritises of the knee joint. The above data indicate the feasibility of further research to find opportunities for improving methods for early diagnosis of monogonarthrosis. Keywords: osteoarthritis of the knee joint, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory studies.