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Noncontact Laser Photothermal Keratoplasty I: Biophysical Principles and Laser Beam Delivery System

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Thermal shrinkage of stromal collagen is known to produce changes in the corneal curvature. We designed a novel, noncontact laser beam delivery system to perform laser photothermal keratoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The instrument consisted of a pulsed holmium:YAG laser (2.10micrometer wavelength, 250-microsecond pulse width, 5-hertz repetition rate) coupled via a monofilament fiber to a common slit-lamp microscope equipped with a polyprism, an adjustable mask, and a projection lens. The system projected an 8-spot annular pattern of infrared laser energy on the cornea to achieve a thermal profile within the stroma and to attain controlled, predictable collagen shrinkage. The system produced treatment patterns of 8 to 32 spots of 150 to 600 µ?? diameter in concentric rings, continuously adjustable between 3 and 7 mm. The versatility of the system in creating different treatment patterns was tested on thermal paper and human cadaver eyes. RESULTS: A uniform beam profile and different treatment patterns for myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism were obtained. Myopic correction of 6.00 diopters was demonstrated on cadaver eyes. Corneal topography documented corneal flattening (> 6.00 D) with the following treatment parameters: each spot size on the cornea = 300 µm, radiant exposure of each spot = 18.0 J/cm p 2 , number of pulses = 1, diameter of the treatment ring = 3 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Noncontact slit-lamp microscope laser delivery system for laser photothermal keratoplasty provides flexible and precise selection of laser treatment parameters. It may improve the efficacy of the procedure. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:511-518.] RESUME INTRODUCTION: Le rétrécissement thermique du collagène stromal produit des changements dans la courbure de la cornée. Nous avons conçu un système sans contact pour transmettre le rayon laser dans la kératoplastie thermique. METHODES: L'appareil consiste en un laser holmium:YAG à vibration (2,10 µp? ondes, 250 µß largeur de pouls, 5 Hz répétition) couplé par fibre monofilament à une lampe à fente, celle-ci équipée d'une lentille polyprismatique, d'un masque ajustable, et d'une lentille de projection. L'appareil projeté un motif annulaire de 8 taches d'énergie de laser infrarouge sur la surface cornéenne, ce qui réalise un profil thermique et atteint un rétrécissement controlé et prévisible du collagène corneen. Ces effets entraînent un changement de la forme cornéenne et la correction des erreurs réfractives sans endommager le stroma voisin ni !'endothelium. L'appareil produit des motifs de 8 à 32 taches de 150 à 600 µp? diamètre en forme d'anneaux concentriques, ajustable continuellement entre 3 et 7 mm. La flexibilité du système en créant des motifs différents fut examinée sur du papier thermique et des yeux cadavériques humains. RESULTATS: Un profil uniforme du rayon laser et des motifs différents pour le traitement de la myopie, l'hypermétropie, et l'astigmatisme furent obtenus. Un effet démyopisant fut démontré sur les yeux cadavériques. L'analyse topographique a enregistré un applanissement > 6 dioptries avec les param 8Atres suivants: diamètre de tache sur la cornée = 300 µm, indice de lumination radiante de chaque tache = 18.0 J/cm,2 nombre de pulsations = 1, diamètre de l'anneau des taches = 3 mm.
Title: Noncontact Laser Photothermal Keratoplasty I: Biophysical Principles and Laser Beam Delivery System
Description:
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Thermal shrinkage of stromal collagen is known to produce changes in the corneal curvature.
We designed a novel, noncontact laser beam delivery system to perform laser photothermal keratoplasty.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The instrument consisted of a pulsed holmium:YAG laser (2.
10micrometer wavelength, 250-microsecond pulse width, 5-hertz repetition rate) coupled via a monofilament fiber to a common slit-lamp microscope equipped with a polyprism, an adjustable mask, and a projection lens.
The system projected an 8-spot annular pattern of infrared laser energy on the cornea to achieve a thermal profile within the stroma and to attain controlled, predictable collagen shrinkage.
The system produced treatment patterns of 8 to 32 spots of 150 to 600 µ?? diameter in concentric rings, continuously adjustable between 3 and 7 mm.
The versatility of the system in creating different treatment patterns was tested on thermal paper and human cadaver eyes.
RESULTS: A uniform beam profile and different treatment patterns for myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism were obtained.
Myopic correction of 6.
00 diopters was demonstrated on cadaver eyes.
Corneal topography documented corneal flattening (> 6.
00 D) with the following treatment parameters: each spot size on the cornea = 300 µm, radiant exposure of each spot = 18.
0 J/cm p 2 , number of pulses = 1, diameter of the treatment ring = 3 mm.
CONCLUSIONS: Noncontact slit-lamp microscope laser delivery system for laser photothermal keratoplasty provides flexible and precise selection of laser treatment parameters.
It may improve the efficacy of the procedure.
[J Refract Corneal Surg.
1994;10:511-518.
] RESUME INTRODUCTION: Le rétrécissement thermique du collagène stromal produit des changements dans la courbure de la cornée.
Nous avons conçu un système sans contact pour transmettre le rayon laser dans la kératoplastie thermique.
METHODES: L'appareil consiste en un laser holmium:YAG à vibration (2,10 µp? ondes, 250 µß largeur de pouls, 5 Hz répétition) couplé par fibre monofilament à une lampe à fente, celle-ci équipée d'une lentille polyprismatique, d'un masque ajustable, et d'une lentille de projection.
L'appareil projeté un motif annulaire de 8 taches d'énergie de laser infrarouge sur la surface cornéenne, ce qui réalise un profil thermique et atteint un rétrécissement controlé et prévisible du collagène corneen.
Ces effets entraînent un changement de la forme cornéenne et la correction des erreurs réfractives sans endommager le stroma voisin ni !'endothelium.
L'appareil produit des motifs de 8 à 32 taches de 150 à 600 µp? diamètre en forme d'anneaux concentriques, ajustable continuellement entre 3 et 7 mm.
La flexibilité du système en créant des motifs différents fut examinée sur du papier thermique et des yeux cadavériques humains.
RESULTATS: Un profil uniforme du rayon laser et des motifs différents pour le traitement de la myopie, l'hypermétropie, et l'astigmatisme furent obtenus.
Un effet démyopisant fut démontré sur les yeux cadavériques.
L'analyse topographique a enregistré un applanissement > 6 dioptries avec les param 8Atres suivants: diamètre de tache sur la cornée = 300 µm, indice de lumination radiante de chaque tache = 18.
0 J/cm,2 nombre de pulsations = 1, diamètre de l'anneau des taches = 3 mm.

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