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Optics of the Corneal Epithelium
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ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The refractive effect of the corneal epithelium in relation to the cornea as a whole is relatively unknown, yet it may affect the efficacy of keratorefractive surgical procedures, most notably photorefractive keratectomy and epikeratoplasty. This article investigates the retractive effect of the epithelium on the cornea.
METHODS: We measured the corneal keratometry in 10 fresh human eye-bank eyes with and without epithelium. All readings were performed at 2.0- and 3.6-millimeter diameter zones with an automated keratometer.
RESULTS: When the epithelium was removed, there was an increase in corneal refractive power in every case. The mean change was + 1.03 D (range, 0.55 to 1.85 D) at the central 2.0-millimeter diameter zone and + 0.85 D (range, 0.29 to 1 .60 D) at the 3.6-millimeter diameter zone. We also found a change in both the power and axis of astigmatism in most cases.
CONCLUSIONS: The corneal epithelium plays an active role in determining the final surface power of the cornea. It accounts for an average of 1 .03 D of the power of the eye at the central 2-millimeter diameter zone. The difference in astigmatism suggests that the epithelium does not form a layer of uniform thickness over Bowman's layer, it appears that the epithelium attempts to minimize abrupt changes in surface contour. These findings suggest that in refractive procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy the refractive contribution of the epithelium must be taken info account to improve predictability. Refract Corneal Surg 1993;9:42-50.)
RÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: L'effet réfractif de !'epithelium corneen relatif à la cornée entière n'est pas précisément compris, bien que !'epithelium ait des conséquences sur le résultat réfractif après la kératectomie photorefractive et l'epikératoplastie. Nous examinons ici l'effet réfractif de l'epithelium vis à vis de la cornée.
METHODES: Nous avons mesuré la courbure kératométrique chez 10 yeux frais de cadavres humains, avec et sans !'epithelium corneen. Chaque cornée fut mesurée aux zones optiques de 2.0 et 3.6 mm à l'aide d'un kératomètre automatique.
RÉSULTATS: Après avoir enlevé !'epithelium, nous avons observé une augmentation du pouvoir réfractif de chaque cornée. Le changement moyen tut de + 1.03 äioptrie ( + 0.55 à + 1.85 D) dans la zone optique de 2.0 mm et de +0.85 ( + 0.29 à + 1 .6 D) dans la zone optique de 3.6 mm. Nous avons aussi observé un changement de l'axe et de la puissance de l'astigmatisme dans la plupart des yeux.
CONCLUSION: L'épithélium corneen a un effet important sur la surface cornéenne opérée. Il retranche 1.03 D de pouvoir réfractif à la zone optique centrale de 2.0 mm. Le changement cylindrique suggère que l'épithélium ne forme pas une couche d'épaisseur uniforme sur la membrane de Bowman. Il apparaît que !'epithelium tend à minimiser les changements abrupts dans la surface cornéenne. Ces résultats suggèrent que la contribution refractive de l'epithelium doit être considérée afin d'améliorer la prévisibilité de la kératectomie photorefractive. (Translated by Rob Mack, MD, Iowa City, Iowa)
Title: Optics of the Corneal Epithelium
Description:
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The refractive effect of the corneal epithelium in relation to the cornea as a whole is relatively unknown, yet it may affect the efficacy of keratorefractive surgical procedures, most notably photorefractive keratectomy and epikeratoplasty.
This article investigates the retractive effect of the epithelium on the cornea.
METHODS: We measured the corneal keratometry in 10 fresh human eye-bank eyes with and without epithelium.
All readings were performed at 2.
0- and 3.
6-millimeter diameter zones with an automated keratometer.
RESULTS: When the epithelium was removed, there was an increase in corneal refractive power in every case.
The mean change was + 1.
03 D (range, 0.
55 to 1.
85 D) at the central 2.
0-millimeter diameter zone and + 0.
85 D (range, 0.
29 to 1 .
60 D) at the 3.
6-millimeter diameter zone.
We also found a change in both the power and axis of astigmatism in most cases.
CONCLUSIONS: The corneal epithelium plays an active role in determining the final surface power of the cornea.
It accounts for an average of 1 .
03 D of the power of the eye at the central 2-millimeter diameter zone.
The difference in astigmatism suggests that the epithelium does not form a layer of uniform thickness over Bowman's layer, it appears that the epithelium attempts to minimize abrupt changes in surface contour.
These findings suggest that in refractive procedures such as photorefractive keratectomy the refractive contribution of the epithelium must be taken info account to improve predictability.
Refract Corneal Surg 1993;9:42-50.
)
RÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: L'effet réfractif de !'epithelium corneen relatif à la cornée entière n'est pas précisément compris, bien que !'epithelium ait des conséquences sur le résultat réfractif après la kératectomie photorefractive et l'epikératoplastie.
Nous examinons ici l'effet réfractif de l'epithelium vis à vis de la cornée.
METHODES: Nous avons mesuré la courbure kératométrique chez 10 yeux frais de cadavres humains, avec et sans !'epithelium corneen.
Chaque cornée fut mesurée aux zones optiques de 2.
0 et 3.
6 mm à l'aide d'un kératomètre automatique.
RÉSULTATS: Après avoir enlevé !'epithelium, nous avons observé une augmentation du pouvoir réfractif de chaque cornée.
Le changement moyen tut de + 1.
03 äioptrie ( + 0.
55 à + 1.
85 D) dans la zone optique de 2.
0 mm et de +0.
85 ( + 0.
29 à + 1 .
6 D) dans la zone optique de 3.
6 mm.
Nous avons aussi observé un changement de l'axe et de la puissance de l'astigmatisme dans la plupart des yeux.
CONCLUSION: L'épithélium corneen a un effet important sur la surface cornéenne opérée.
Il retranche 1.
03 D de pouvoir réfractif à la zone optique centrale de 2.
0 mm.
Le changement cylindrique suggère que l'épithélium ne forme pas une couche d'épaisseur uniforme sur la membrane de Bowman.
Il apparaît que !'epithelium tend à minimiser les changements abrupts dans la surface cornéenne.
Ces résultats suggèrent que la contribution refractive de l'epithelium doit être considérée afin d'améliorer la prévisibilité de la kératectomie photorefractive.
(Translated by Rob Mack, MD, Iowa City, Iowa).
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