Negotiation of identity and indexical order in linguistic landscapes in Hong Kong: a comparison among Central, Tsim Sha Tsui, and Sheung Shui

Abstract This study explores the relationship between linguistic landscapes, language choice, and regional identity, with a focus on the cultural and historical context of Hong Kong. Through the collection and analysis of photos from three locations, Central, Tsim Sha Tsui, and Sheung Shui, scaled in a center–periphery continuum, I demonstrate the difference in regional identity construction through the language choices in the respective linguistic landscapes. By applying indexical order to linguistic landscape study, this study shows how presupposed indexicalities of language are applied to construct distinct identities, driven by language ideology. Furthermore, it is found that all three locations exhibit a degree of internationalism, as evidenced by the high proportion of multilingual signs. The intensity of internationalism varies across locations, with Central being constructed as the most international, Tsim Sha Tsui as a blend of local and international, and Sheung Shui as the most local. This research contributes to the understanding of the complex relationship between linguistic landscapes, language ideology, and identity construction, shedding light on how indexical order can map out the language ideology and its influence on the regional identity of Hong Kong.