Palyno‐ morphological approach through light and scanning electron microscopy for the identification of herbaceous Asteraceae species from District Jhelum, Pakistan.

The goal of the current research work is to examine Palyno-morphological characteristics of Asteraceae type native to Pakistan’s District Jhelum Punjab. 8 different species were gathered, pressed, named, and studied using LM and SEM. Pollen traits that are both quantitative and qualitative were seen, including equatorial and polar diameter, number of pores and colpi, presence or absence os spines, spines length and width, exine thickness, exine sculpturing, pollen shape, P/E ratio, pollen fertility and sterility. The LM exhibited that pollens were oblate-spheroidal, prolate, and prolate in shape. Pollen is monad, the aperturation patterns vary from tricolporate, to tri-zonocolporate. Exine sculpturing was observed in echinate perforate and echinate gemmate through SEM. Our present research results shows that the minimum P/E ratio was studied in Bidens tripartite which is 0.92 and the maximum value of P/R ratio was investigated in Eclipta prostrata which is 1.2. The highest PD and ED of 41.9(37.5-44)±1.92μm and 42.9(38.5-44.5)±1.74 μm, respectively, was recorded in Sonchus oleraceous, while minimum polar and equatorial diameter 15.94(15.2-17) ±0.52 μm and 15.98(13.8-18.4) ±1.37 μm, respectively, was recorded in Parthenium hysteriophorus. Maximum exine thickness of 2.6(2-2.6) ±0.17μm was recorded in Sonchus oleraceous,and minimum of 1.74(1.5-2.0) ±0.14μm in Bidens tripartite. The morphology of pollen is significant for interpreting the taxonomy of various plant groups and is crucial for correctly identifying and classifying the asteraceous plants at the species, generic, and tribe levels.