Barriers and Facilitators of COVID-19 Booster Uptake Among Ethnic Minority Populations in the UK: A Systematic Review

Background: Ethnic minority populations in the United Kingdom have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Addressing disparities in vaccine uptake is essential to ensuring the success of national immunisation efforts. Understanding the factors contributing to lower COVID-19 booster vaccination rates among these groups is critical to meeting both national and global public health objectives. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify the key factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine booster uptake among ethnic minority populations in the UK. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL for epidemiological studies published up to December 2023. Studies were included if they reported on vaccine uptake or explored factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination among ethnic minority groups in the UK. Of 4,382 records screened, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final synthesis. Results: All seventeen included studies were assessed as being of acceptable quality. Ethnic minority status was associated with greater vaccine hesitancy and lower uptake compared to White British groups. Key barriers included limited knowledge about vaccine safety, misinformation, inaccessible communication strategies, and logistical challenges. Facilitators included targeted media outreach and culturally sensitive communication delivered by trusted sources within communities. Conclusion: Community engagement, supported by trusted healthcare and social networks, is essential to addressing the concerns and information needs of ethnic minority populations. Such approaches can help reduce disparities and improve uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccines.