Gadolinium oxide Nanoparticles Infusion in Heat-Cured Acrylic Denture Base Material: Impact on Glass Transition Temperature and Mechanical Strength Enhancement

Introduction: Nano dentistry has paved the way for advanced therapeutic opportunities in various dental disciplines, particularly in the improvement of oral health. One area of focus is the enhancement of mechanical properties of dental materials, such as acrylic resins commonly used in denture base materials. Various strategies, including chemical corrections and the addition of particles, have been explored to augment the mechanical qualities. This study investigates the impact of incorporating Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles into heat-cured acrylic denture materials. Materials and Methods: The denture base was processed using a standardized approach, with the addition of Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles during the monomer phase. A total of 120 specimens were fabricated. 30 specimens for each test using 10 specimens for each nanoparticle concentration (Control 0%, 1%, and 1,5% nanoparticles). The nanoparticles were dispersed using sonication to ensure uniform distribution. The study assessed properties such as glass transition temperature using a differential scanning calorimeter, impact strength and transverse strength utilizing an Instron universal testing machine, and surface roughness via profilometer measurements. Scanning electron microscope also utilized. One way ANOVA was used to determine the mean differences. Results: The study revealed significant improvements in glass transition temperature, impact strength, and transverse strength. The peak values were often seen in the 1.5% wt. group. Surface roughness, however, showed non-significant changes with nanoparticle additions, possibly due to the minimal involvement of nanoparticles on the outer surface. Conclusion: Incorporating Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles into heat-cured acrylic denture base materials demonstrated notable enhancements in key mechanical properties. The findings suggest that nanoparticle additions contribute to increased strength and rigidity, as evidenced by improvements in impact and transverse strength. However, surface roughness remained largely unaffected. This study contributes valuable insights into the potential benefits of nanotechnology in optimizing dental materials for improved clinical performance and patient outcomes.