Search engine for discovering works of Art, research articles, and books related to Art and Culture
Javascript must be enabled to continue!
Spatiotemporal dynamics of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in India, 2008-2016
View through CrossRef
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India, where circulation of
serotypes O, A and Asia 1 is frequent. In the past two decades, many of
the most widespread and significant FMD lineages globally have emerged
from the South Asia region. Here, we provide an epidemiological
assessment of the ongoing mass vaccination programs in regard to
post-vaccination monitoring and outbreak occurrence. The objective of
this study was to quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMD outbreaks
and to assess the impact of the mass vaccination program between 2008 to
2016 with available antibody titer data from the vaccination monitoring
program, alongside other risk factors that facilitate FMD spread in the
country. We first conducted a descriptive analysis of epidemiological
outcomes of governmental vaccination programs in India, focusing on
antibody titer data from >1 million animals sampled as part
of pre- and post-vaccination monitoring and estimates of standardized
incidence ratios calculated from reported outbreaks per
state/administrative unit. The percent of animals with inferred
immunological protection (based on ELISA) was highly variable across
states, but there was a general increase in the overall percent of
animals with inferred protection through time. In addition, the number
of outbreaks in a state was negatively correlated with the percent of
animals with inferred protection. Because standardized incidence ratios
of outbreaks were heterogeneously distributed over the course of eight
years, we analyzed the distribution of reported FMD outbreaks using a
Bayesian space-time model to map high-risk areas. This model
demonstrated a ~50% reduction in the relative risk of
outbreaks in states that were part of the vaccination program. In
addition, states that did not have an international border experienced
reduced risk of FMD outbreaks. These findings help inform risk-based
control strategies for India as the country progresses towards reducing
reported clinical disease.
Title: Spatiotemporal dynamics of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in India, 2008-2016
Description:
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in India, where circulation of
serotypes O, A and Asia 1 is frequent.
In the past two decades, many of
the most widespread and significant FMD lineages globally have emerged
from the South Asia region.
Here, we provide an epidemiological
assessment of the ongoing mass vaccination programs in regard to
post-vaccination monitoring and outbreak occurrence.
The objective of
this study was to quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of FMD outbreaks
and to assess the impact of the mass vaccination program between 2008 to
2016 with available antibody titer data from the vaccination monitoring
program, alongside other risk factors that facilitate FMD spread in the
country.
We first conducted a descriptive analysis of epidemiological
outcomes of governmental vaccination programs in India, focusing on
antibody titer data from >1 million animals sampled as part
of pre- and post-vaccination monitoring and estimates of standardized
incidence ratios calculated from reported outbreaks per
state/administrative unit.
The percent of animals with inferred
immunological protection (based on ELISA) was highly variable across
states, but there was a general increase in the overall percent of
animals with inferred protection through time.
In addition, the number
of outbreaks in a state was negatively correlated with the percent of
animals with inferred protection.
Because standardized incidence ratios
of outbreaks were heterogeneously distributed over the course of eight
years, we analyzed the distribution of reported FMD outbreaks using a
Bayesian space-time model to map high-risk areas.
This model
demonstrated a ~50% reduction in the relative risk of
outbreaks in states that were part of the vaccination program.
In
addition, states that did not have an international border experienced
reduced risk of FMD outbreaks.
These findings help inform risk-based
control strategies for India as the country progresses towards reducing
reported clinical disease.
Related Results
Hydatid Disease of The Brain Parenchyma: A Systematic Review
Hydatid Disease of The Brain Parenchyma: A Systematic Review
Abstarct
Introduction
Isolated brain hydatid disease (BHD) is an extremely rare form of echinococcosis. A prompt and timely diagnosis is a crucial step in disease management. This ...
Molecular and epidemiological features of gastroenteritis outbreaks involving genogroup I norovirus in Victoria, Australia, 2002–2010
Molecular and epidemiological features of gastroenteritis outbreaks involving genogroup I norovirus in Victoria, Australia, 2002–2010
AbstractGI noroviruses are relatively rare and systematic studies of the molecular epidemiology of GI norovirus outbreaks are lacking. The current study examined the molecular viro...
Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Qingdao, 2009-2018
Epidemiological Characteristics of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Qingdao, 2009-2018
Background: In China, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks have become an important issue recent years. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD outbreaks ...
Diabetic Foot in Qatar: A Primary Care Perspective
Diabetic Foot in Qatar: A Primary Care Perspective
Diabetic Foot in QatarA primary care Perspective Introduction Diabetes represents a major public health burden in developing countries, especially the Arabian Gulf region, which is...
Why Do Indians Experience Less Happiness Than Pakistanis?
Why Do Indians Experience Less Happiness Than Pakistanis?
This study explores the enigma of happiness inequality between India and Pakistan, despite India’s economic prowess. Employing inequality regression models, the study pinpoints cru...
Cavovarus Foot: Conservative Management Techniques/Case Studies
Cavovarus Foot: Conservative Management Techniques/Case Studies
Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: The cavovarus foot is a true challenge for both the patient and the surgeon. This complex deformity can be a result of many different causal f...
Where do you stand? An exploration of perspectives toward feet, foot health, and footwear using innovative digital methods
Where do you stand? An exploration of perspectives toward feet, foot health, and footwear using innovative digital methods
AbstractBackground The cost of losing foot health is significant to the person, healthcare systems, and economy, with diabetes related foot health issues alone costing over £1 bill...
Muscle Strength and Foot Pressure Vary Depending on the Type of Foot Pain
Muscle Strength and Foot Pressure Vary Depending on the Type of Foot Pain
Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Foot pain is highly prevalent at various ages and is especially common in middle-aged and older females. To the best of o...