CHRONIC WOUNDS : RISK FACTORS AND EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTION

Highlights: Identifies key risk factors for chronic wounds and the underexplored role of genetics and immune dysregulation in healing. Explores advanced interventions like smart bandages and bioengineered skin, while addressing accessibility challenges. Highlights the potential of personalized medicine and digital health in improving patient-centered wound care.   Abstract: Introduction: Chronic wounds are a pervasive and escalating public health issue, characterized by their inability to progress through the typical phases of healing, resulting in prolonged tissue damage and patient morbidity.  Common types include diabetic, pressure, arterial, and venous ulcers. Factors like comorbidities, infection, poor circulation, and inadequate care delay healing. This review aims to explore the risk factors for chronic wounds and evaluate evidence-based interventions to optimize treatment outcomes, thereby improving patient care and reducing healthcare costs.   Methods: A thorough literature review was performed using peer-reviewed journals and reliable medical databases, focusing on articles from the past 10 years for relevance. The search used keywords like "chronic wounds," "risk factors," "management," and "evidence-based interventions," selecting studies that addressed the epidemiology, causes, and treatment of chronic wounds. Results: The review identified major risk factors for chronic wounds, such as diabetes, poor circulation, neuropathy, infection, and aging. Effective treatments discussed include advanced dressings, debridement, negative pressure wound therapy, and skin grafts. A multidisciplinary, patient-focused approach was found to improve healing outcomes. Conclusion: Understanding  the risk factors of chronic wounds and applying evidence-based, personalized treatments can significantly improve healing outcomes. Ongoing research and innovation are essential to address gaps in care and enhance patient management.