Lexical characteristics of sociopolitical communication

The current paper aims to obtain a comprehensive picture of various lexical groups distribution in sociopolitical oral speeches. In this study, we used the methods of classification, contextual analysis and descriptive statistics. 144 As a result, lexemes and their forms were distributed into 6 groups: sociopolitical terminology, foreign vocabulary, proper names, phraseological units, substandard vocabulary and shortenings. It was discovered that among all words, original sociopolitical terminology prevailed. Political lexemes comprised the terminological core while peripheral terms belonged to the spheres of economy, law, social science. Loan words originating from Greek, Latin, and Arabic included the terms borrowed from the English, French and German languages as a result of crosscultural communication. Proper nouns were represented by geographical names, the names of organizations, companies, state authorities, names of politicians, economists, social activists functioning on the territory of Russia and other countries. The use of last names only while speaking of representatives of political, economic and other areas was characteristic for mass media. Phraseological units were grouped into sociopolitical idioms and situationally determined units. The use of substandard vocabulary (jargonisms, vulgarisms, popular words) enabled the speakers to reach to the audience which is quite characteristic for the format of sociopolitical communication. The semantics of shortenings (compounds, abbreviations, acronyms) was connected with naming government bodies, federal services, social and political institutions, companies responsible for public security.