Prevalence of cardiovascular risk in HIV positive patients

Abstract Introduction HIV is considered a chronic disease which increases cardiovascular risk due to factors intrinsic to the patient, associated with HIV itself, such as immune activation, inflammation and immunodeficiency, as well as factors associate with antiretroviral therapy, mainly due to metabolic alterations. Coronary and/or cardiovascular risk is the probability of developing coronary or cardiovascular disease in a given period of time, usually 5 or 10 years, which can be estimated through different scales, which can be qualitative or quantitative. Purpose To determine cardiovascular risk according to Framingham and Q-risk scales in low (0 – 10%), intermediate (10.1 – 12%), and high (>20%), clinically characterized to patients with higher risk, relating and comparing vascular age with chronological age, and to assess cardiovascular risk according to antiretroviral therapy used. Methods A database was created using SPSS 25, summarizing data through frequencies and percentages, organized and presented in frequency and contingency tables. The association was evaluated through the chi-square test, being considered statistically significant when the p-value was <0.005, with a confidence interval of 95%, cross-sectional descriptive study whose population was HIV-positive patients attending the clinic for comprehensive care of HIV and chronic infections, conducted in 2019. Results 301 patients were included, all presented cardiovascular risk, low (218), intermediate (75), high (8). Females (215 patients) higher risk than male (p 0.006), this risk increased gradually with age (p 0.005). The main associated comorbidities: diabetes mellitus (p 0.005), arterial hypertension (p 0.004) and smoking (p 0.006). The main clinical factors that determined cardiovascular risk: total cholesterol greater than 200 mg/dl (p 0.006), high density cholesterol <35mg/dl, (p 0.004) systolic blood pressure >130mmHG (p 0.004) and diastolic blood pressure >80mmHG (p 0.004). Patients using protease inhibitors as antiretroviral therapy had a higher cardiovascular risk (p 0.006). In all age groups, vascular age was higher than chronological age (2 years). Conclusion All HIV-positive patients included in the study presented a 10-year cardiovascular risk (low, intermediate and high), 86.7% of patients on protease inhibitors were at intermediate cardiovascular risk. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Hospital infectiuos disease clinic