Decoding the "Divine Consciousness" of the Temple of Heaven: The "Mandala" Writing of Daoist Alchemy

This paper deciphers the "divine consciousness" embedded in the Beijing Temple of Heaven—a Ming-Qing imperial sacrificial site for heaven worship—through the lens of Daoist alchemical "mandala" (坛城 <i>Tancheng</i>). As a physical manifestation of ancient Chinese cosmology and spiritual pursuit, the Temple is interpreted as a three-dimensional mandala encoding the stages of Daoist Internal Alchemy (内丹学 Neidan Xue): refining essence into vital breath (炼精化炁 Lianjing Huaqi), transforming breath into spirit (炼炁化神 Lianqi Huashen), and sublimating spirit to merge with the divine (炼神还虚 Lianshen Huanxu). Key architectural elements-such as the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests (祈年殿 Qinian Dian) with its triple eaves (corresponding to the Lower, Middle, and Upper Elixir Fields 下/中/上丹田 Xia/Zhong/Shang Dantian), celestial blue tiles (symbolizing divine purity), and numerical symbolism (12 pillars for earthly cycles, 4 pillars for cosmic order)-are analyzed as symbolic vessels for consciousness ascension. The Temple’s layout (Circular Mound Altar, Imperial Vault of Heaven, Danbi Bridge) forms a nested cosmological model mirroring the human body as a microcosm, facilitating the integration of mortal and divine. Ultimately, the Temple of Heaven is revealed as a monumental "mandala writing" (坛城书写 Tancheng Shuxie), where architecture serves as both a ritual space and a catalyst for achieving the Daoist goal of "Heaven-Human Unity" (天人合一 Tianren Heyi).