Comparative Study between Classical Techniques vs Robotic Surgery in Colorectal Cancer

Background: Robotic surgery, initially used in cardiology and urology procedures, has expanded to areas like colorectal cancer. Since surgery is the main curative treatment for colorectal cancer, optimizing this intervention is crucial. Robotic surgery offers greater precision and fewer postoperative complications, improving patient recovery. With the increasing incidence of this cancer, this systematic review will evaluate the impact of robotic surgery compared to traditional techniques, analyzing its effect on clinical, economic outcomes, and quality of life.Materials and Methods: The study is based on a review of 10 research papers found in PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar published between 2014 and 2023, covering a total population of approximately 7,200 patients. Some studies did not specify the exact number of patients, leading to an estimated global sample size.Results: In randomized prospective trials, the advantages of robotic surgery were demonstrated in centers with significant robotic experience, showing less bleeding, fewer complications, reduced surgical trauma, and better postoperative recovery compared to laparoscopic or open surgery.Conclusion: Robotic surgery was associated with superiority over laparoscopic surgery in increasing surgical safety, accelerating postoperative recovery, and reducing complications, suggesting that robotic surgery could be a safe and effective method for treating colorectal cancer.