Feeding and Swallowing Difficulties in Children with Down Syndrome

Background: Feeding and swallowing difficulties are prevalent in children with Down Syndrome, significantly affecting their health and developmental outcomes. However, detailed understanding, particularly in developmental progression, remains limited. Objective: To evaluate the feeding and swallowing difficulties in children with Down Syndrome across different ages, assessing the challenges and caregiver awareness levels. Methods: In this observational study, 36 children with Down Syndrome, aged 1-5 years, were evaluated. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire administered to caregivers, covering aspects like feeding methods, difficulties, and developmental history. The questionnaire encompassed variables such as method of feeding across different ages, types of feeding difficulties encountered, and progression of these issues. The study employed consecutive sampling and included children diagnosed with Down Syndrome having Karyotyping, excluding those with other developmental disorders. Statistical analysis utilized descriptive techniques and Chi-Square tests to assess the data. Results: Only 14% of caregivers reported being aware of feeding problems before birth, while 86% became aware postnatally. Initial feeding predominantly involved bottle feeding (69%), transitioning to spoon and cup feeding by age 2. Sucking difficulty was highest in the 1-2 year age group (69%), decreasing with age. Persistent issues like drooling were noted across all ages. Younger children commonly faced challenges such as choking and poor coordination between suck/swallow and breathing. Conclusion: The study underscores the need for early, ongoing feeding support and intervention in children with Down Syndrome. It emphasizes the crucial role of prenatal counseling and caregiver education, alongside the development of age-appropriate, tailored feeding strategies. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the feeding challenges in Down Syndrome, advocating for proactive management approaches.