Comparative quantitation of aquaporin-2 and arginine vasopressin receptor-2 localizations among chronic kidney disease and healthy kidney in dogs

Background and Aim: Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and arginine vasopressin receptor-2 (AVPR2) are proteins that control water homeostasis in principal cells. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the impairment and irreversible loss of kidney function and/or structure, which causes water imbalances and polyuria. The study aimed to know the expression of AQPs and AVPR2 in the kidneys of a canine with CKD. Materials and Methods: The kidneys were collected from two dog carcasses from Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. The kidney tissue was prepared for immunohistochemistry and investigated the expression and localization of tissue's AQP2 and AVPR2. For statistical analysis, the Mann–Whitney U-test was applied to the data. Results: By immunohistochemistry, AQP2 was expressed strongly in the basolateral and apical membranes of the principal cells, whereas AVPR2 was localized in the principal cell's basolateral membrane in both renal cortex and renal medulla. In the normal kidney, the semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry for the percentage of protein expression of AQP2 and AVPR2 was 5.062±0.4587 and 4.306±0.7695, respectively. In contrast, protein expression of AQP2 and AVPR2 in CKD was found to be 1.218±0.1719 and 0.8536±0.1396, respectively. The data shows that the percentage of AQP2 and AVPR2 expression was decreased, corresponding to a 4-fold and 5-fold in CKD (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that CKD was a marked decrease in AQP2 and AVPR2 expression. The central role of specific AQP2 and AVPR2 in regulating water homeostasis will provide correlations in case of CKD with polyuria.