Evaluation of the conversion of farming systems and scaling up of agroecological approaches in Nepal

Conventional farming systems face challenges such as ensuring smallholder farmers' livelihoods, conserving biodiversity, reducing emissions, and minimizing climate change impact. Transitioning to agroecological farming is the only sustainable alternative. This article examines Nepal's efforts to adopt sustainable agriculture and agroecological practices, focusing on climate change, declining soil fertility, and socioeconomic pressures. Agroecological approaches integrate ecological principles with agricultural practices to enhance productivity, resilience, and environmental health. Strategies include promoting a range of farming methods, making the soil healthier with organic additions, combining old and new technologies, getting institutional and policy support, ensuring market access for agroecological products, and involving the community in the process. Capacity-building, farmer cooperatives, and localized extension services are essential for widespread adoption. It is shown that agroecology has the power to change Nepal's farming problems, but for these practices to be used by more people, they need to be backed by long-term investments in research, education, and policy reform.