A Critical Review of Nanobubbles Flotation for Seawater Desalination

The growth in public demand for clean water is increasing due to the development of the population, triggering the decline in clean water resources. Seawater desalination provides an unrestricted and consistent supply of high-quantity water that does not harm the natural ecosystem evaporation. Commonly, salt water and heavy metal ions are dissolved in the water, and suspended solids exist to form as sediment. Furthermore, to produce freshwater using seawater desalination with nanobubbles, it is necessary to modify the nanobubbles' flotation to separate the salt ions and suspended solids from water to get the freshwater. This review investigates an effective and efficient desalination technology for seawater desalination in the Nanobubbles flotation to get pure water. Nanobubbles flotation is a formation of positively buoyant bubble-particle agglomerates mixed with a recycle stream to saturate with air or carbon dioxide at high pressure to generate nanobubbles. The review highlights the mechanism of NBs flotation that can effectively separate the dissolved ion and suspended solids in the flotation column. It reviews some of the flotation, especially nanobubbles flotation. Three mechanisms in the flotation are collisions, attachment, and detachment. This process can enhance the flotation performance in the flotation separation process.