Molecular Identification of Canis Lupus by Coi Gene from Sargodha District, Punjab

Advancements in molecular biology have significantly improved the identification of organisms. Molecular identification uses genetic information to distinguish species with high accuracy. Among the various molecular tools available, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) gene, found in the mitochondrial genome, has emerged as one of the most reliable markers for animal identification. It combines a conserved sequence structure with a relatively high mutation rate, making it ideal for distinguishing even closely related species. This study aims to address these limitations by employing DNA barcoding using the Cytochrome c oxidase I (CO1) gene, a universally accepted molecular marker for species-level identification in animals. In this study, DNA samples were be collected from Bully Dogs across multiple localities in the Sargodha District. The CO1 was amplified, sequenced, and compared against global reference databases, particularly the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), to identify distinct genetic signatures and variations. This molecular approach is intended to provide a more accurate and reliable method for breed verification by revealing intra- and inter-breed genetic differences. The anticipated findings shed light on the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of local Bully Dogs with other members of the Canis lupus species. The results are expected to have practical implications for breed conservation, sustainable breeding programs, and the prevention of inbreeding-related issues. Furthermore, this study offers potential applications in wildlife forensics, enhancing the regulatory framework for breed certification, and curbing illegal breeding practices. By establishing a genetic baseline for Bully Dogs in the region, this research contributes to preserving their genetic integrity and sets a precedent for the use of molecular tools in domestic animal classification and conservation strategies.